The Assault – Memory

Memory is characterized as â€Å"The workforce of the brain by which it holds the information on past contemplations, impressions, or occasions. † Memories are units of data that have affected one’s life and are put away in the mind for quite a long time. Now and again, emotional occasions may not let the cerebrum register each and every insight concerning a circumstance. This is a lot of like Anton’s instance of the winter of 1945 of the novel The Assault by Harry Mulisch. The occasions of that winter influenced him like no other would. The loss of his mom, father and sibling and the consuming of his home left an effect on him however the occasions were so grave his cerebrum didn't permit him to recall the littler subtleties. As he meets notable individuals from quite a while ago, he starts to recall the littler things he has encountered. All through the entire novel recollections start to gradually stream back to Anton. Each individual he meets permits his recollections to create. To begin with, he sees his previous neighbors, the Beumers’, who refresh his memory as well as permit him to learn new things about that night. In spite of the fact that the recollections ought to have been distinctive in his psyche, Anton had overlooked a portion of the occasions of that night. Just observing the Beumers’, and being in their quality helped run his recollections. They had him over for dinner while he was in the area for a friends’ birthday. It had been clear that Mrs. Beumer’s recollections were unquestionably more striking than Anton’s. Next had been his gathering with Fake Ploeg junior, the child of the Nazi who had been murdered that awful night. Ploeg had not been over his father’s passing, He and Anton both had contentions protecting their dads, and why that night may have occurred. This permitted Anton to open his psyche to new thoughts, and question his hypotheses as though they had not been thoroughly considered accurately. Another happens later when Anton meets Takes, a companion of his dad in-law’s. In the principal scene Anton is tossed in a cell with a more seasoned lady whom he can't distinguish. He has an enthusiastic discussion with her about what had happened the evening of Ploeg’s demise and turned out to be incredibly well disposed with the lady. She turns into a type of a mother figure to Anton. Despite the fact that Anton felt as though he could recall each word, each feeling and each aroma that night in the phone, he experienced a mental blackout. Takes clarifies that the lady in the cell with him was one of Ploeg’s executioners. This was one of those significant minutes throughout your life that is so grave you can’t permit yourself to recollect. It might have been because of the way that Anton didn’t recollect, or didn’t need to recall the subtleties that help him to remember the demise of his relatives. After he meets Takes he meets Karen Kortweg one of the more significant characters in the plot. The Kortweg’s were the ones who took Fake Ploeg’s body and hauled it before Anton’s family’s house, the Steenwijk living arrangement. When meeting Karen, she at long last clarifies the thinking behind why she left the body before the Steenwijk’s house and no of the other two neighbour’s houses. When she really expounds on the families and her and her father’s reasoning’s Anton starts to comprehend and recollect the local he experienced childhood in and the occasions of that night. It is stunning how recollections can be run by a solitary individual, article, sound or fragrance. The individuals Anton has met and the spots he returns to permit him to recall the occasions of his agonizing past, which grant him to decide his future. Without recollections individuals would not have the option to be upbeat and think back on all the incredible minutes in their lives. They wouldn’t have the option to gain from their slip-ups to better their future. With all these memory slips Anton was having, he was trapped. There was nothing to gain from, no torment harbored within him, and all the glad minutes he imparted to his family were no more. When he started to recall certain occasions his brain had been available to new and old sentiments. Ones he hadn’t felt since he was twelve years of age living calmly in Holland with his family. He additionally started to make a course for himself. The main inquiry he was left with was who was liable and who had been honest? At long last recollections are critical. They help structure an individual and guide them through life. Just as gain from their mix-ups and set them up for what's to come. Recollections resemble a fantasy you can’t recall. Once it’s over, you overlook totally. Yet, that one inclination, smell or sound lets everything return to you and you are at last ready to permit yourself to encounter the condition of elation we call recollecting.

The History of Italian Renaissance Free Essays

The Italian Renaissance was driven by a power of incredible walks in mankind. This was a period for a re-arousing of instructed thinking, extraordinary aesthetic undertakings, and an enabling component of humanism to utilize through and through freedom to administer one’s future as opposed to permitting the congregation to direct the right way throughout everyday life. The city of Florence turned into the inside for a lot of this action, where specialists and researchers were supported illustriously by similarly invested groups of extraordinary riches and social influence. We will compose a custom exposition test on The History of Italian Renaissance or on the other hand any comparable point just for you Request Now More accentuation was put onto training as a methods for opportunity from numbness rather than motivation to serve God. There was a move in power from the congregation to a general secularization in all everyday issues, with the fundamental spotlight being on the improvement in the investigations of expressions of the human experience. Expressions of the human experience were taken a gander at in another manner, utilizing humanism as the new religion and the better approach to accomplish the best conceivable righteousness. The genuine term Renaissance implies â€Å"re-birth†, which is basically what was occurring by and large, in Florence and other Italian states. â€Å"For Burckhardt this period comprised, comprehensively, of the fifteenth century in Italy, a period and spot wherein â€Å"medieval† man became â€Å"modern† man. - Italy-History of, Encyclopedia Britannica, 2000. (1) This was a re-birth of thoughts, learning, correspondence, aestheticness and convictions. These components were coming full circle together to set up the world for the unfolding of another age, and another bearing for man to move in. The Italian Renaissance started discovering it’s specialty among the world class in Florence in 1360, in any case, this was only the start. The Renaissance end up being progressively settled by the mid fifteenth century among the remainder of Italy, and in the long run the remainder of Europe. . The world was changing and prepared for another perspective. Never again were people arranged to acknowledge the lessons of the congregation as their rules throughout everyday life. Society needed more from life than what the congregation brought to the table. Italian culture, most noteably in Florence, was becoming wealthier. With this expansion of riches came a need to seek after close as far as possible in accomplishment, instruction, and capacity. â€Å"In their general public, fruitful people, normally men, unmistakably could do more in this world than conventional strict perspectives permitted. † †Modern European History I, 1992. (2) The humanists approached from this need to learn. They were the mind behind the Renaissance and uncovered another perspective on what ought to be instructed and considered. They grasped the works of art; deciphering numerous from the old Greek and Roman content they were initially made in, and reclassifying how these works were initially deciphered. They viewed concentrates in sentence structure, talking points, verse, history and good way of thinking as a methods for raising their self-esteem, and found that man can make his own predetermination as opposed to follow a pre-appointed destiny dictated by the congregation. By utilizing training to assist themselves in the public arena, the free-willed humanists were setting the gauges for instructed thinking, that present cutting edge life holds fast to. â€Å"Humanism was the most significant single scholarly development of the Renaissance. † †Eugene F. Rice Jr, 1970. (3) Humanism was not just centered around instruction; along these lines of reasoning additionally held control over different parts of the Renaissance. 2 As a great part of the instructive viewpoint focused in Florence, so did the developing want for magnificence and culture to be spoken to in craftsmanship; another solid factor of humanism. With it’s financial and social standing getting quickly raised, and because of the solid custom of majority rule government it held, Florence would demonstrate to have the perfect environmental factors for the introduction of imaginativeness in the Italian Renaissance development. Toward the start of the Renaissance, Florence was a settled, business city fundamentally constrained by the rich shipper class and a portion of the exceptionally well off and ground-breaking families that lived there. Families, for example, the de Medici family, would commission craftsmen to plan and manufacture colossal houses of worship, castles and different landmarks to solidify the families’ position in Florence. Utilizing this sort of support sponsorship, the becoming creative network had the option to prosper and flourish, and produce a mutitude of magnificent works, concentrating on another encapsulation of their expertise. The human body was viewed and concentrated with more detail and authenticity than any other time in recent memory. This lead to progressively precise and life-like craftsmanship, both in painting and model. A significant part of the workmanship moved away from the old topics of depicting the world and humankind as superbly as could be expected under the circumstances, and focused rather on catching the genuine resemblance of the topic, regardless of how unappealing or upsetting it might have been. With huge monetary sponsorship behind them, specialists had the option to focus soley on their art and grow it into the new, Renaissance style. They met incredible resistance from the congregation yet had the option to keep pushing ahead with the continuous help of their advocates. The trustworthy lessons of the congregation joined with the intensity of the Pope, were continually tested by the humanists and those that followed this new style of thought. Residents were increasingly more as often as possible vowing loyalty to the crown instead of to the Vatican, making a consistent decrease of intensity from religion. â€Å"The Christian truth that had been recognized as grasping all wonders, natural or brilliant, presently needed to exist together with an old style demeanor that was overwhelmingly coordinated toward natural life. †Humanism, Encyclopedia Britannica, 2000. (4) Information started to subvert the situation of the congregation. An ever-expanding measure of supporters of humanism reaffirmed the way that people are people and not simply spirits going through earth on their approach to forever in paradise or damnation. As people, each human reserved the privilege to finding his own predetermination and potential. These convictions and perspectives were unequivocally disliked by the congregation, who attempted futile to reassert their impact on society. A significant part of the incredible abundance of the time was likewise taken a gander at as un-Christian, yet the humanists contended that riches was just a way to accomplish more prominent temperance. Cash was expected to store and bolster expressions of the human experience, which gave the devices to promote illumination in these territories. The congregation be that as it may, could possibly acknowledge this riches on the off chance that it was utilized for more prominent's benefit of society. This was a contention to win all through the Renaissance. From the re-assessment of training and workmanship, society has inferred a chance to decide their own predetermination, in view of the information they decide to engage themselves with. Humanists may have contradicted the congregation and it’s lessons all together 4 to push ahead with unrestrained choice and decision, yet without that resistance, life would not hold the measure of wonderment and variety that exists today. The humanistic endeavors that started during the Italian Renaissance made ready for society to turn out to be increasingly free in their reasoning, progressively practical in their specialties, and increasingly instructed in topic that had been excessively since quite a while ago denied. The Italian Renaissance formed and changed the â€Å"modern† world, bringing society out of the â€Å"medieval† times and onto the way that extended toward the idealistic future. Instructions to refer to The History of Italian Renaissance, Papers

I wake to sleep

I wake to sleep Where to begin? Well, in order to understand me, what drives me, what might be my short term and long term goals, its important to go a little ways back in my history (what history I have), not too far, just a blink of the eye really in the scheme of things, back across the years that made all the difference in the world to me, or none at all, depending on how you look at it. I was 8 and lived on the outskirts of one of the fastest growing cities in Sichuan, right along the fault where the developing, oftentimes ridiculous city just dropped off into the farmlands like a cliff. I was just a breath away from the main highway theyd started building to connect the major cities of Sichuan, but I couldnt have been farther away from the knowledge and innovation that they carried. I lived with my grandparents, and we had none of the technology, especially none of the purpose, of this rapidly changing landscape, going from green to grey, ecstatically. That was when I loved the sky. Before I knew about massive objects and space-time and the various wavelengths of light, the sky was a black sheet and stars were holes in it. And that suited me just fine. I never thought twice about not knowing. No one I knew ever took any issue with not knowing. Except maybe my grandpa, who, later, would be the proudest of me out of anyone when he learned I was studying to be a scientist, but back then I never heard it. He was a reader, a talker with his quiet streaks, and one day he told me that stars came in all colors, that they were bigger than me, bigger than the biggest sky scrapers, bigger than our mountains, bigger than the whole wide world. Just huge. I tried to imagine. I stared and stared. I still remember that sense of awe. I still feel it every time I look up into the cold night sky up here in Cambridge and Im glad of it. Its easy to not know, but once you know something theres no helping it. It changes things. I came to America to live with my parents. Id left everything behind but a strange restlessness. The restlessness of living on the edge of great change: an encroaching city of NeiJiang, a bottomless ocean of knowledge. Knowledge is love. It begins out of curiosity, continues out of duty, then every once in a while it takes on new meaning that makes it all worthwhile. My friend once told me that when he first met me, I was obnoxious, but I had this wide-eyed look, and thats how he knew I was ok. I realize, now, strangely, that this is how I feel about physics. Through it all the competition, the hierarchy, the work, the grants, the brick walls in research, progress at a standstill that is still what I love about it, those big, wide open eyes that just love to see that take everything in without discretion. Science. Beautiful science. And we created it. I think about that and I feel such a sense of pride, I do. A lot has happened. My grandparents flat was torn down to make more room for roads. Ive gone to school in three different states and twice as many towns. Ive lived in Cambridge as long as Ive lived anywhere and Im graduating in the spring. I cant tell you honestly where Im headed. I dont know that much. I do know this: MIT gave me an opportunity and I seized on it. Everywhere I go I see open doors and windows. In some sense college has changed me forever, and in some sense it never could. Im stepping into a empty space armed with only highly specific knowledge and common sense; Im guided by several things: A strong belief in education. A joy in teaching and sharing ideas. A restlessness that keeps me searching. And above all a love for all things. Maybe at this point youre wondering if I did indeed write all this for Arecibo or if I just copied and pasted from some college essay I had lying around. I want to assure you, this is how I felt best to answer the questions of my background, my goals, and my scientific interests. I guess I had a lot on my mind. I like to write, but this is getting rather long. My research experience will have to be represented in the resume I attached.

The implementation of Corporate Social Responsibility - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 10 Words: 2964 Downloads: 2 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Business Essay Type Analytical essay Did you like this example? Corporate social responsibilities fall into four main areas. These are economic, legal, ethical, and discretionary responsibilities. These four responsibilities together form the total of a companys social responsiveness. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The implementation of Corporate Social Responsibility" essay for you Create order A companys ethical and social responsibilities are increasingly considered as important as economic and legal responsibilities, with managers and organisations typically finding themselves involved in several such issues simultaneously (Daft 2006). Regester and Larkin (2005) state that CSR is an emerging, as yet poorly defined, process used by some as a fashion statement through glossy reports and websites, and others as a potential framework for demonstrating a more responsible approach to doing business. Over the past two decades, the pressure upon business to become accountable and perform a social and environmental role has increased dramatically. Incidents such as the Union Carbide accident in Bhopal, India and the Chernobyl nuclear power station disaster in the Ukraine helped put corporate responsibility for environmental hazards on the international agenda. Western industrialised governments responded to such incidents, and established legal and regulatory frameworks for co rporate responsibility. Pearlson and Saunders (2004) state that social contract theory means that the social responsibilities of corporate managers require to consider the needs of society together with the corporations business arrangements. Society bestows legal recognition on a corporation to allow it to employ social resources toward given ends. The meaning of this contract is that, in allowing a corporation to exist, society demands at a minimum that it creates more value to the society than it consumes. In this way, society changes the corporation to enhance its welfare by satisfying particular interests of consumers and workers in exploiting the advantage of the being a corporation. There are two components relevant to the social contract. The social welfare term arises from the belief that corporations must provide greater benefits than their associated costs or society would not permit their creation. Similarly the justice component holds that corporations must pursue pr ofits legally, without fraud or deception, and avoid activities that injure society. Maslows theory of motivation of human needs covers five headings. In relation to its application in industry, the physiological needs are the basic ones to satisfy the requirements to be fed, watered and stay alive, the safety needs are the common desire for employment with security, pension and insurance, the social needs are those of belonging to a group, The esteem needs are a desire for reputation, prestige, recognition appreciation and importance. The final need is the need for self-actualisation, or self-fulfilment which is the tendency for a person to fulfil their potential. Applying Maslows theory to industry requires the acceptance that work should provide at least the financial means for pursuing the all-important goal of self-actualisation outside the organisation, namely in leisure activities and family life (Adair, 2006). There is often conflict between codes of conduct and the pr actical realities of applying what Western countries believe they constitute and their application in other cultures. Porter (2008) argues that there is a link between competitive business advantage and CSR. The CSR field remains strongly imbued with a moral imperative. In some areas, such as honesty in filing financial statements and operating within the law, moral considerations are easy to understand and apply. It is in the nature of moral obligations to be absolute mandates, however, while most corporate social choices involve balancing competing values, interests and costs. Googles recent entry into China, for example has created an irreconcilable conflict between its US customers abhorrence of censorship and the legal constraints imposed by the Chinese government. Very recent events have shown that codes of conduct can be cynically ignored when they conflict with political attitudes towards criminal activities. As reported in 2010 Google has decided to end censorship in China following malicious hacking attacks in China against Chinese human rights activists who had used social networking to further their cause. This was seen as blatantly ignoring the obligation of all nations to keep its part of the Internet secure, and Chinas failure to criminalise such activities (Guardian.co.uk 2010). Economic The responsibility of a business is to produce the goods and services that society wants and to maximise profits for its owners and shareholders. The economist Milton Friedman held the view that the corporation should be operated on a profit-oriented basis, with its prime mission to increase its profits while staying within the rules of the game. However, this profit-maximising view is no longer considered an adequate criterion of performance in much of the Western world. This approach means that economic gain is the only social responsibility and can lead companies into difficulties (Daft 2006). There can be economic benefits in the application of codes of conduct, either directly, or by avoidance of potential cost at a later stage. Keinert (2008) states that proven benefits good CSR can bring include the achievement of competitive advantage, better reaching market segments like ethical consumers and socially responsible investors, and enhanced opportunities for strategic allia nces or other partnership as major business opportunities. One source of major competitive advantage possibly achievable through CSR is the lowering of operational costs. This can be accomplished through saving disposal costs of IT or other equipment when donating it. Also investments in environment-friendly or otherwise socially beneficial business processes or products can incur cost advantages in case they later become either regulated, or an industry standard. Esty and Winston (2006) believe that competitive advantages are becoming ever more difficult to establish and maintain because the traditional points of competitive differentiation are being constricted on all sides. Companies must find new ways to break out of the pack and those who dont will struggle to keep up in the marketplace. One opportunity is a refinement of overall business strategy by introducing an environmental sub-strategy. The business world is waking up to an inevitable and unavoidable truth that the eco nomy and the environment are deeply intertwined. All goods depend on nature and the services it provides, and without careful stewardship, natural resource constraints will encroach on growing number of companies and industries. Concern about these trends is driving laws, rules, and expectations that will further restrain business. Major companies like Wal-Mart and General Electric have launched major environmental initiatives. Vogel (2005) argues that many people are attracted to firms whose values and behaviour are similar to theirs and the leadership and employees of successful companies often share a common vision. A survey in 2004 of more than 800 MBAs from leading North American and European business schools showed that ninety-even percent would be willing to forgo an average of fourteen percent of their expected income in order to work with an organisations with a better reputation for corporate social responsibility and ethics. Legal Businesses are expected to fulfil their economic goals within a legal framework which recognises what society thinks of as appropriate corporate responsibility. The legal requirements are those which are imposed by local and governmental authorities. For example intentionally manufacturing defective goods of submitting a bill for work which is not carried out is illegal (Daft 2006). Corrupt practices can be ignored, or even connived at, by unscrupulous management and in some cases aided or at least connived at by political interests. These corrupt practices can and do bring about the downfall of seemingly successful businesses. Forster (2005) argues that historically, unethical, corrupt and illegal practices have been part and parcel of doing business for centuries, in spite of the considerable damage that such activities have caused. In more recent times, following the notorious Enron bankruptcy case in 2001, it was found that the senior managers of Enron had been lining their own pockets prior to declaring the company bankrupt. The collapse of Enron also led to the extinction of one of the worlds biggest accounting and consulting firms, Arthur Andersen and the company was found guilty of shredding documents in 2002, and several other criminal trials involving Andersen employees, who were supposed to have audited Enron prior to its collapse, were the subject of court cases. An even larger collapse was the case of the telecommunications company Worldcom, with nearly forty billion dollars unaccounted for and 17, 000 redundancies in 2002, where again, the senior managers of this company had also been lining their own pockets prior to declaring the company bankrupt, and several politicians in the US had sold off their stock in the company prior to its collapse. Ethical Demonstrating ethical responsibility means that organisation decision takers should act with equity, fairness, and impartiality, respect the rights of individuals, and only alter treatment of individuals when relevant to the goals and tasks of the organisation. Unethical behaviour occurs when decisions enable an individual or company to gain at the expense of other people or society as a whole (Daft 2006). According to Torrington et al (2008) the key issue with ethical codes is the extent to which they are supported by the people to whom they apply. They are not rules that can be enforced by penalties for non-compliance. It is necessary that they are understood, appreciated and willingly honoured by the great majority of those who are affected. There will then be considerable social pressure of the few who do not wish to comply. A disadvantage is that such a code may not be equally administered or supported, especially in the case of international companies. This is illustrated by the case of an American company with a high-profile commitment to positive action to seek out and employ members of disadvantages groups, reinforced by a program of employment and development for minorities. In The UK, however, was widely ignored on the basis that it was not an obligation on the part of management. In this way, it is clear that ethical responsibility can be interpreted in differing ways by different cultures. May et al (2007) state that when a company voluntarily elects to be responsible and by its activities, goes beyond what is strictly required of them, then that constitutes ethical conduct. It exercises its social responsibility in a committed manner, and, with that, demonstrates not only that it considers itself responsible, but also that it recognises the importance of the others around it. Among the major benefits of this type of ethical behaviour, the World Bank mentions the following advantages for companies: it generates a social license to function; it provides sustainable development that improves reputations ad trademarks, yields more efficient operations, boosts sales and preserves customer loyalty, and provides greater capacity to attract and retain employees; it creates new business opportunities; it attracts and retains investors and partners; it avoids crises from bad conduct; it generates government support; and it creates relational and political capital. The issue of ethical behaviour and its acceptance has been radically highlighted by the growth of unregulated communications in the form of the Internet. The massive increase in the use of the Internet by companies have led some to develop a code of ethics regarding non-work-related Internet use, and a policy covering Internet usage and making it known to all employees. Without a formal policy, it is much more difficult to enforce desired behaviour and deal with violators (Turban 2006). Accepted work conditions and practices differ markedly on a global basis. O ne disadvantage occurs when a major corporation in an advanced economy does business in a developing country; it may have established a level of corporate virtue consistent with the host countrys expectations, but employs workers in Southeast Asia in accordance with local customs and practices. This is the case for Nike, who run athletic footwear plants in Southeast Asia and has opened themselves up to changes of operating sweatshops, and averaging down its level of corporate responsibility. Once an image is established, it is difficult to dislodge in the minds of the public (Werther and Chandler 2006). Mullins (2008) states that personal integrity and individual values are important elements in ethical decision-making at work, but the increasingly common company, professional or industry codes of conduct may also provide support and guidance. These ethical resources do not always provide a clear and comfortable guidance, and sometimes, people in organisations will experience ten sion between the conflicting demands of their own personal values and the demands placed on them by the organisation. If these conflicts become intolerable and cannot be resolved through normal means, then an individual may decide to become a whistleblower in the public interest, by taking the high-risk approach of placing the problem in the public domain for resolution. Codes of conduct can help to reduce the risk of painful situations like this by providing a published set of values to which an individual can appeal, rather than taking the risk wholly personally. Discretionary Discretionary responsibility is purely voluntary and is guided by a companys desire to make social contributions not mandated by economics, law, or ethics. Discretionary activities include generous philanthropic contributions that offer no payback to the company and are not requested by those who are recipients (Daft 2006). Fisher and Lovell (2006) state that corporations are increasingly subject to scrutiny via international codes of conduct, such as the UN Global Compact, the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and development (OECD)s Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises, the Ethical Trading Initiative as well as various industry-specific or issue-specific codes, such as the Sweatshop Code and the Breastmilk Substitutes Code. However, while the number of codes increases, concerns regarding the efficacy of such codes also grow. Christian Aid provided three case studies of alleged double standards, hypocrisy and /or duplicity by, respectively, Shell and the continuing prob lems of the people on the Niger delta from Shells exploration there; British American Tobacco (BAT) and the medical ailments of the tobacco pickers of Kenya and Brazil; and Coca Cola and its alleged use (or misuse) of a village water source in India. Each of these companies claims high ethical standards. They each produce a social accountability report and BAT and Shell have been recognised as being leaders in social reporting. However, the form of voluntary reporting and accountability argued for on the Global Compact has been criticised by Christian Aid as, at best, of little significance, but, at worst, providing a faà §ade of social responsibility for its members, while behind the faà §ade little appears to change. Pride et al (2008) argue that social responsibility is the recognition that business activities have an impact on society and the consideration of that impact on decision-making. In the first few days after hurricane Katrina hot New Orleans, Wal-Mart delivered $2 0 million in cash, 100 truckloads of free merchandise, and food for 100,000 meals. The company also promised a job elsewhere for every one of its workers affected by the catastrophe. Social responsibility costs money, but what is not so obvious is that social responsibility is good for business. Customers eventually find out which companies are acting responsibly and which are not. And as a result they spend their money on a product made by a company that is socially responsible just as easily as they avoid a company that does not display this behaviour. The philanthropic approach has produced a competitive advantage for the Body Shop business. The main products of the Body Shop are cosmetics, in an industry that has been strongly criticised for animal testing of products, its use of ingredients that have questionable origins in terms of environmental damage, and its negative effect on womens self-esteem through marketing. To counter this, the Body Shop has designed its products around a strategy of no animal testing, fair trade with third-world suppliers of raw materials, environmental concern in product development and packaging and products that keep their promises and whose prices reflect their contents and manufacturing costs more that inflated brand name prices. In addition, the Body Shop donates parts of its profits to various causes and idealistic organisations. All of these elements have been successful in attracting loyal customers who would not consider buying a pricey branded product that might have been tested on animals (Andersen 2004). Schaffer et al (2008) relates that the Levi Straus Co. Global Sourcing and Operating Guidelines are generally recognised as the first code of conduct created by a multinational corporation and made applicable to its foreign suppliers, and their basic ideas could be applicable to any firm that does business through a global supply chain or with a supplier or contractor in a developing country. These guidelin es represent an effort by Levi Straus to control the activities of more than five hundred overseas contractors and suppliers. in the 1990s the company discovered that twenty-five percent or more of its subcontractors had abused employees in some fashion, and one plant in Bangladesh was using child labour. The response by Levi Straus was to develop guidelines to ensure that its contactors could not do it again. Levi Straus provides its suppliers with manuals and training programs to implement their standards. The company also developed its Country Assessment Guidelines, which are factors to be considered in deciding in which countries they will do business, including whether the human rights record of the country would be damaging to the Levi Straus corporate reputation or brand image. Conclusions There is increasing pressure, particularly for companies in the Western world, or those based in the West, to adopt codes of conduct which affect their economic, legal, ethical and discretionary actions as they pursue their business objectives. There is a proliferation of such codes, and while there are penalties for non-compliance in the economic and legal areas, adhering to ethical and discretional codes can vary with the cultural expectations of the areas in the world where they are employed. This is illustrated by difficulties experienced by international companies in conducting business activities in the underdeveloped areas. There are significant competitive advantages to be gained by the adoption of codes of conduct, but equally, there are pitfalls in that they may conceal hypocrisy on the part of companies who espouse their adherence to them. Deliberate flouting of widely-accepted ethical codes and responsibilities is also demonstrated by some national governments.

Reflective Reflection On Reflections - 1118 Words

Reflections Thunder crashed all around making the ground shake. I was running late as usual, but this time I was not sure what I was late for. The ground was uneven as I ran to my destination; whether that was home or work I can not quite remember. Consequently, I just knew I needed to arrive there and quickly. Thunder boomed again, but this time it was different. Ahead a flash of lightning struck, blinding me, causing my eyes to close for a split second, then I felt a breath of air tickle my neck. I shut my eyes tight, terrified to turn around as goose bumps crawled up my arms. Nevertheless, I turned around slowly opening my eyes, but there was only darkness surrounding me. Gasping, I turned and sprinted the trees rushed past as I†¦show more content†¦Looking around for any sign of life, the floor creaking with step I took, I came to a black and white striped door with no apparent way to enter. â€Å"Is anyone there?† I called hoping I would not receive an answer. Slowly the door opened with a sigh and light beamed from the inside. Objects started to move rapidly as the door spun out of control. I fell to my knees, overcome with fatigue and dizziness. When it passed a new door stood in front of me though this time it was as tall as a toddler. Curious, I made myself as tiny as I could wondering if I could fit. One arm made it through the door when suddenly the sound of a chainsaw echoed throughout the hall. Too late I realized it was coming from the door. A scream of agony escaped my mouth as the chainsaw penetrated my skin and slowly sawed my arm in half. â€Å"Stop! Please make it stop!† I could not handle it any longer as the pain shot up my whole body. Then, with a loud clunk my arm landed on the floor next to me. The pain from my arm numbed me to the bone, tears streamed down my face finally turning into a waterfall of tears. â€Å"Hmm. Melody, I like the taste of that name,† a silky voiced resonated around me. Twisting my head in the direction of the voice I looked for the source but was unable to find one. â€Å"W-w-who are you?† I wailed. â€Å"Nobody of importance my dear.† Pain still coursing through me, I delicately rose fromShow MoreRelatedReflective Reflection1266 Words   |  6 Pagesevaluate key academic sources linked with reflective practice, these include models by Gibbs, Kolb and Schon. One of these reflective models will be used to provide a critical analysis of my experience on the Study Skills and Employability module. Critical reflection will be included on how I felt during the module and what I have learnt from the module as well as what I would do next time if I was to repeat the module again. Reflection/ Reflective practice Reflection involves looking back on an experienceRead MoreReflective Reflection895 Words   |  4 PagesI do not recall learning about reflective practice in my undergraduate studies. Reflective practice according to Barbour (2013), â€Å"is the cyclic process of internally examining and exploring an issue of concern, triggered by an experience, which creates and clarifies meaning in terms of self, existing knowledge, and experience; resulting in a changed conceptual perceptive and practice† (p. 7). According to Barbour (2013), reflective process has many positive outcomes to help guide the nurse to becomeRead MoreReflective Reflection819 Words   |  4 PagesThis reflective essay will be adopted from Rolfe, Freshwater and Jasper’s (2001) reflection model. This reflection is based on a case study that I have read and will be based on the intervention I have chosen to treat the patient. Mr. Castello was admitted to the ward for observation after a fight and sustainin g a laceration to his right forehead from a beer bottle and extensive bruising and scratches to his left arm. Mr. Castello had a pre-existing chest infection, Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (DM)Read MoreReflection Of Reflection And Reflective Practice1584 Words   |  7 Pagesdemonstrate my understanding of reflection and reflective practice. Reflection means that we learn by thinking about our experiences and seeing them in a different way. (Dewey, 1938) suggested that, ‘we learn by doing and realising what came of what we did’. Nurses experience physical, hands on, during their roles, but unless they search for the knowledge that comes from realising what came of what they did, then practice standards will deteriorate. Reflective practice is vital for nurses, responsibleRead MoreReflective Reflection1277 Words   |  6 Pagesduring my staying, I understood that it would be challenging to fulfill all my learning needs in such a short time, though now looking back at my initial plan, I see that in fact I have learnt and discovered much more than I expected. Therefore, my reflection essay is multifaceted and demonstrates all the aspects which I have developed and discovered for myself during the studying, such as knowledge, skills, understanding and attitudes. Initially, I wanted to develop my conceptual understanding of myRead MoreReflective Reflection : Reflective Learning913 Words   |  4 PagesReflective learning leads to the growth of an individual both in the personal and professional life supporting him morally, emotionally and psychologically. Reflection learning can help us better understand our strengths and weakness. It also helps us identify our questions values and beliefs. It encourages acknowledging and challenging possible assumptions on which our feelings, ideas actions and reactions are based. We can identify the areas of discrimination and acknowledge our fears. Also, itRead MoreReflective Reflection On Reflective Practice1474 Words   |  6 PagesReflection is a form of personal response to experiences, situations and events. Reflective practice therefore is based on experience and instinctive learning that one may not aware of it until responded to the situation. It demonstrates how to combine with ones qualities an d clinical knowledge and skills in order to .deliver safe and effective patient care. (Jones, 2016).Individuals reflects because issues arise that needs to be considered both before and after one performs. The piece of reflectionRead MoreReflective Reflection Of Reflective Practice1896 Words   |  8 PagesThe general trend for scholars was to either explain or expound on theories of the previous scholars but Professor of nursing Gary Rolfe (2001) designed a reflective model to simplify the learning cycle. This version of the reflective cycle was comprised of three questions that ask the reflective practitioner: What, So what, and Now what? (Rolfe 2001)The idea is that through these questions we gain a description of the situation ultimately leading to critic of the situation as well as the f knowledgeRead MoreReflective Reflection On Reflective Practice1332 Words   |  6 Pages Reflective Practice in Special Education Using Action Research Sunny Suzanne West St. Joseph’s University Course Title â€Æ' Abstract: Reflective Practices in Special Education Using Action Research Title and Link to Study: Promoting Reflective Practices in Special Education through Action Research: Recommendations from Pre-service Teachers; Paula Wenner Conroy http://journals.library.wisc.edu/index.php/networks Research Problem and Purpose of the Study: What is reflectiveRead MoreReflective Reflection748 Words   |  3 Pagesmany aspects throughout the semester. One general example of this improvement is the vocabulary, where simple vocabulary in the first essay had become more complex by the final essays. Additionally, I also believe that my writing has become more reflective of my actual voice and opinions, an improvement considering my first essays were best described as vague. Overall, it has become apparent to me that my writing overall has improved since taking this class. One of the first compositions that was

Life vs. Death Penalty Free Essays

The death penalty has been one of the most debated topics in America for years. It holds the same level of importance in politics as abortion or gun control because it is such a controversial subject. The stance that I currently hold with this debate is closer towards life in prison. We will write a custom essay sample on Life vs. Death Penalty or any similar topic only for you Order Now Not because I don’t fully believe that someone who kills a lot of people or does Just horrible acts should 100% be punished and possibly killed themselves, but because I find more benefits towards keeping someone in Jail for life. For example, the cost to keep someone in Jail is a lot cheaper than it is to kill them. A study in 2011 showed that it cost California more than $4 billion dollars to do executions since 1978. $1. 94 billion went towards the trails, $925 million towards Automatic Appeals and State Habeas Corpus Petitions, $775 million towards Federal Habeas Corpus Appeals, and $1 billion went towards Costs of Incarceration. And we can’t forget how much it costs to pay for the security guards who look over these inmates. The total cost to pay these security guards a year comes up to $90,000 PER INMATE a year. It’s also been said that the death penalty trails are 20 times more expensive than a trail for imprisonment without parole. If the Governor of California sentenced the inmates that are on death row to life in prison he could save almost $170 million a year! The Executive of the DPIC stated, â€Å"The death penalty in the U. S. is an enormously expensive and wasteful program with no clear benefits. All of the studies on the cost of capital punishment conclude it is much more expensive than a system with life sentences as the maximum penalty. In a time of painful budget utbacks, states are pouring money into a system that results in a declining number of death sentences and executions that are almost exclusively carried out in Just one area of the country. As many states face further deficits, it is an appropriate time to consider whether maintaining the costly death penalty system is being smart on crime. † Another reason that life in Jail is a better punishment is because it is an actual effective punishment. There is nothing that shows that the death penalty has been effective in lowering crimes. To be in a prison cell for your entire life with nothing to o but think, sit, sleep, eat, and maybe a recreational activity or two, that is actually worse than death. Being in prison sends some people crazy or can possibly change them completely, which I believe is a way better punishment because they are forced to live with the crime that they committed. Death would be an easy and quick way out. Granted, the death row inmates are doing nothing but sitting, thinking, and waiting. That is what they are doing, waiting. They are waiting for the end, because they, unlike the other inmates, have an end. And honestly how is that fair, we for hatever reason think that if we kill them that will teach them and others like them to never commit the bad acts again, when in fact we are making it simple for them. The DPIC executive said, â€Å"The nation’s police chiefs rank the death penalty last in their priorities for effective crime reduction. The officers do not believe the death penalty acts as a deterrent to murder, and they rate it as one of most inefficient uses ot taxpayer dollars in tgnting crime. Criminologists concur that the death penalty does not effectively reduce the number of murders. † The death sentence is absolute, here is no reversing it so if we execute someone and more evidence comes up that later proves someone innocent, we can’t take back the execution. 40 people were wrongly executed since 1973. The most common reason for people wrongfully being charged with the death penalty are false confessions, witness errors, government misconduct, faulty science, bad lawyers or snitch testimonies. Also believe it or not but race does play a factor in whether or not someone can receive the death penalty vs. life in prison. Just about 68% of inmates that are on death row are non-whites. We simply cannot say we live in a country that offers equal Justice to all Americans when racial disparities plague the system by which our society imposes the ultimate punishment. Senator Russ Feingold, 2003. In 1990, a report from the General Accounting Office said that 82% of the cases that were reviewed showed that if the criminal killed a white person they were more likely to be sent to death row than if they killed another minority. There are currently 1,822 minority inmates on death row and there has been approximately 394 minorities executed since 1976, comparing his to the 1,475 white death row inmates and the 643 that have been executed. Something interesting is the death rate by homicide in California varies sole by race. African Americans are six times more likely to be murdered than whites in California. While 27. 6% of murder victims are white, 80% of executions in California have been for those convicted of killing whites. Lastly, the death penalty is Just morally wrong. How do we as a country Justify that someone is being punished for murder or something of that sort and to correct/ punish this behavior we execute them. That is o backwards. America is a country that frowns upon other countries who don’t value life but we don’t really know how to back up that thinking because we are a country who grew up knowing to fix problems with violence. After George W. Bush stated in the 2000 presidential elections, â€Å"l don’t think you should support the death penalty to seek revenge. I don’t think that’s right. I think the reason to support the death penalty is because it saves other people’s lives† Family guy retaliated with, â€Å"l support the death penalty to teach people killing is wrong† Brian on Family Guy. When you think bout it, how does killing the inmate keep us any safer than Just keeping them in Jail forever? At the end of the day no one is being harmed, and everyone who is outside of prison is safe. The families of the victims can have peace of mind that they know the person will rot in prison and everyone else no longer has to even wonder if that person will come for them next. It’s a win win situation. Until someone comes up with a plan that is more cost effective, humane, and still effectively punishes people for crimes the same or better than life in prison does, that seems to be the best way to handle criminals. How to cite Life vs. Death Penalty, Essays

Views of Philosophy

Human beings are different by nature not only in character, but also in logic. Therefore, a single issue can generate many arguments each with a different perspective. However, it is how one defends his or her own view that matters.Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on Views of Philosophy specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Philosophers in particular are known to have diverse views regarding different issues including life and death. Plato’s apology and Crito dialogue as well as Martin Luther King Jr.’s letter from Birmingham jail are examples of such diverse philosophical views. It is important to note that in all texts writers do not give direct meaning in their arguments. Plato talks about death in the apology. He views death as an imminent and only savior that will separate philosophers from the lies and inequities of the world. Philosophers should not be happy with the desires of the body su ch as food, clothes and other materialistic things. Consequently, they should be ready to extricate themselves from the body. Accordingly, Plato views death as a separation of the body and the soul. While the body is finite and has no use after death, the soul is immortal and is the only useful part of a philosopher. Bodily desires and conclusions are regarded as inaccurate and misleading as far as a philosopher’s quest for truth is concerned (Storck, 2009). In this regard, the best realities of life, as well as the truth, are better approached in thought alone. Practicing death will make people approach issues more confidently because they will have nothing to fear. The fear of death is what makes many people fear saying the truth. Consequently, when one is not afraid of death, he or she can be ready to say the truth boldly without fear or favor. Similarly, practicing death will help one approach issues more objectively knowing that the body interferes with one’s judg ment. This is the same view held by Socrates in Crito. Socrates is not afraid of death even when it is imminent. He chooses to follow the law and act justly.Advertising Looking for critical writing on philosophy? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Plato gives real life examples of how practicing death is vital to philosophers’ lives and to all human beings. Arguably, death is imminent in any human being’s life, whether one prepares for it or not. Therefore, instead of living in fear of something that cannot be avoided, it is sensible to be ready for it, as and when it comes. In the letter from Birmingham Jail King also exudes confidence against death. This seems to be the reason behind his determination. He also urges Black Americans not to fear. In the letter from Birmingham Jail, Martin Luther King Jr. seeks to answer the clergymen who wrote to condemn the Birmingham march. King states that it was the duty of the black people to fight against injustice that was being committed against them. He highlights that he is ready to fight against discrimination not only in Birmingham, but also in any part of America. The clergy who wrote the letter call King an extremist. He, however, answers them by stating that all great men in history have been referred to as extremists (Kessler, 2011). According to King, the authorities had broken too many promises and time for action had come. People could not just sit down and watch their rights being taken away. King takes it upon himself to stand up and lead the Afro-Americans in their fight for equality. As King argues, everybody has a moral duty of fighting against violations of human rights. There is no way, in which any person can justify a law that discriminates against other people. King is also clear that fear is an enemy of progress in the society. King follows Socrates’ creed of always doing the right thing even in the face of danger. Just as Socrates is willing to die rather than escape from jail, so is King willing to die for social justice. Nevertheless, the view held by King is different from that held by Plato in the apology. While King does not advocate for violence which will inevitably lead to death, Plato wants everybody to be prepared for death.Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on Views of Philosophy specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Crito is a dialogue between Socrates and his friend Crito who wants to organize Socrates’ escape from the jail. Socrates’ day of excitation is approaching. However, Crito wants to help him to avoid being ridiculed by people for failing to save his friend from the hangman (Plato, 2009). This proves that Crito is not doing what is right but what will make people of the town happy. However, Socrates turns down the offer arguing that he is ready to die. He reiterates his earlier stand that he do es not fear to die. The dialogue continues with Socrates telling Crito that people should respect justice and apply reason in all that they do. Crito argues that the enemies of Socrates want to see him dead. If Socrates agrees to stay and be executed, then he would help his enemies achieve their goal. As a result, Crito proposes that Socrates should put up a fight by fleeing from the jail. Socrates does not agree with Crito’s view (Plato, 2009). He questions whether justice will be served if he escapes from the jail just because the ruling has been wrong. Socrates states that injustice cannot be an excuse for people to behave badly. One should not use unfair methods to counter injustice. He declines to escape from the jail because that is against the law. He does not mean that he has wronged anybody and deserves to die. He rather does not think it is right to go against the law. This view is different from the one held by King Jr. who does not believe one should run away from his problems. According to Socrates, each citizen should follow the law even when he or she is treated unfairly. The view held is the same as the view held in the apology. It was Socrates believe that if one leads a good live he or she cannot be harmed, not even in death. However, Socrates’ decision to die in Athens just because he did not want to go against the law was against the logic that he so often advocated for. He should have escaped and help fight injustice from a different part of the world.Advertising Looking for critical writing on philosophy? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Moreover, though Socrates fought to ensure that his emotions do not cloud his decision, the decision to die instead of escaping is clearly emotional. However, the three texts have a similar view as regards death. People should not fear death if at all they want to make an impact in the world. It should however be noted that it is difficult to tell whether the apology is an original account or just a philosophical view. Moreover, Plato does not give enough information why people should not fear death. Nonetheless, King says that violence is inevitable if they fail to get what they want through non-violent means. It is important to note that this statement is an indirect justification for violence. Consequently, it is impossible to tell King’s specific intentions in this letter. References Kessler, G. E. (2011). Voices of Wisdom: A Multicultural Philosophy Reader. Starnford: Cengage Learning. Plato. (2009).FiveGreat Dialogues of Plato: Euthphro, Apology, Crito, Meno, Phaedo.Cla remont: Coyote Canyon Press. Storck, G. (2009). The Apology of Plato. Charleston: BiBlioBazaar. This critical writing on Views of Philosophy was written and submitted by user Jared Gallagher to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.